Fig. 2. Effects of APE from Trigona thoracica on acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction test in mice. Each column represents the mean ± standard error of six mice. Statistical analyses are performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. P < 0.05 and P < 0.0001 represent a significant difference when the normal saline group and treated groups (400 mg/kg, 1,000 mg/kg, and 2,000 mg/kg) were compared. Values on top of each column denote the percentage of inhibition. APE: aqueous propolis extract, ASA: acetylsalicylic acid, NS: normal saline.
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