Fig. 3. Forest plots for the number of patients needing rescue analgesia 24 hr after surgery depending on the type of QLB: (A) type 1 QLB; (B) type 2 QLB; and (C) type 3 QLB. Type 1 QLB reduced the need for rescue analgesia at 24 hr post-surgery (P value < 0.001), but type 2 QLB and type 3 QLB showed no difference in the need for rescue analgesia compared on non-QLB (P value = 0.071 and P value =0.243, respectively). QLB: quadratus lumborum block, IO, intravenous opioid, TAP: transversus abdominis plane block, CB: caudal block, ESPB: erector spinae plane block, II/IH: ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block, II: incision line injection, CI: confidence interval, RE: random effects, FE: fixed effects. aDifferent study by the same author published at a different year (patient enrollment periods do not overlap).
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