Fig. 1. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses flow diagram of study selection. A total of 302 articles were identified through searches of the electronic databases. After excluding 124 duplicate studies, 156 articles were removed from the article pool based on the fitness of the title and abstract. The full texts of 22 eligible studies were then reviewed, and six studies were excluded. Finally, 16 RCTs were included in the final analysis. RCT: randomized controlled trial, QLB: quadratus lumborum block, TFB: transversalis fascia block.
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