The Korean Journal of Pain

Table 2

Comparison of pain intensity and functional assessments of participants in the GMI and control groups

Variable		Baseline	P value^a	Post treatment	P value^a	P value^b	Cohen’s d
Pain intensity, cm
VAS-activity	GMI (n = 9)	7.00(6.55–9.00)	0.825	1.90(1.25–2.45)	< 0.001	0.008	5.12
	Control (n = 9)	8.40(6.55–8.95)		4.30(3.70–4.70)		0.008	3.99
VAS-rest	GMI (n = 9)	5.70(3.70–7.00)	0.757	1.00(0.25–1.40)	0.004	0.008	2.63
	Control (n = 9)	5.50(1.50–7.05)		2.60(2.00–3.05)		0.092	0.84
WOMAC	GMI (n = 9)	21.09(16.46–26.79)	0.102	6.79(5.20–8.88)	0.145	0.008	3.06
	Control (n = 9)	26.87(24.64–28.99)		8.08(7.16–10.55)		0.008	3.39

Values are presented as median (interquartile range).

GMI: graded motor imagery, VAS: visual analog scale, WOMAC: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index.

^aMann–Whitney U-test, ^bWilcoxon signed-rank test. Significance was accepted as P < 0.05.