Fig. 5. Comparisons of pain intensity during coughing between the two groups. The box plot represents the median and interquartile range of the NRS in the M-TAPA and subcostal TAPB groups during the study period. The upper whisker represents the maximum value, whereas the lower whisker represents the minimum value, excluding outliers. The scatter plot, indicated by round symbols, displays individual data points. The asterisk represents a significant difference between the two groups in the post-hoc analysis. M-TAPA: modified thoracoabdominal nerve block through the perichondral approach, NRS: numeric rating scale, TAPB: transverse abdominis plane block.
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