Fig. 4. Comparisons of pain intensity at rest between the two groups. The box plot represents median and interquartile range of the NRS in the M-TAPA and subcostal TAPB groups during the study period. The upper whisker represents the maximum value, whereas the lower whisker represents the minimum value, excluding outliers. The scatter plot, indicated by round symbols, displays individual data points. M-TAPA: modified thoracoabdominal nerve block through the perichondral approach, NRS: numeric rating scale, TAPB: transverse abdominis plane block.
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