Secondary outcome measures per detection time point

Variable IAI PENG P value
Mean score
(95% CI)
Mean difference Cohen’s d Mean score
(95% CI)
Mean difference Cohen’s d Group comparison
WOMAC
Pre-treatment 51.73 ± 9.09
(48.41–55.06)
49.00 ± 8.12
(46.03–51.97)
0.225
Week 4 42.53 ± 10.93*
(38.54–46.53)
–9.20 0.91 42.30 ± 9.13*
(38.96–45.64)
–6.70 0.77 0.929
Week 8 41.70 ± 10.35*
(38.04–45.60)
–10.03 1.02 46.93 ± 8.39*
(44.13–50.30)
–2.07 0.25 0.036
HHS
Pre-treatment 50.00 ± 6.96
(47.46–52.54)
48.90 ± 8.11
(45.94–51.86)
0.557
Week 4 70.83 ± 8.71*
(67.64–74.01)
+20.83 2.51 66.13 ± 7.94*
(62.67–68.52)
17.23 2.14 0.021
Week 8 67.65 ± 8.35*
(64.21–70.12)
+17.65 2.16 61.40 ± 7.60*
(58.62–64.18)
12.50 1.59 0.007
QAQ score
Pre-treatment 3.90 ± 0.92
(3.56–4.23)
3.53 ± 1.13
(3.11–3.94)
0.175
Week 8 1.73 ± 1.20*
(1.29–2.17)
–2.17 2.02 1.53 ± 1.07*
(1.14–1.92)
–2.00 1.81 0.499
Patient satisfaction 4.26 ± 0.86 3.90 ± 0.99 0.138

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

Cohen’s d effect size: < 0.2 = small effect, 0.2–0.8 = moderate effect, > 0.8 = large effect.

IAI: intra-articular injection, PENG: pericapsular nerve group, CI: confidence interval, WOMAC: Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index, HHS: Harris Hip Score, QAQ: quantitative analgesic questionnaire.

P < 0.05 is considered statistically significant. *P < 0.001 comparison of the scores with baseline.

Korean J Pain 2023;36:195~207 https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.22325
© Korean J Pain