NRS pre- and post-injection

NRS IAI PENG P value
Mean score (95% CI) Mean difference Cohen’s d Mean score (95% CI) Mean difference Cohen’s d Group comparison
Pre-treatment 6.96 ± 0.99
(6.59–7.34)
7.18 ± 1.06
(6.71–7.48)
0.618
Day 1 4.80 ± 0.99
(4.44–5.16)
–2.16 2.18 2.57 ± 0.93
(2.22–2.91)
–4.61 4.62 < 0.001
Week 1 2.56 ± 0.62
(2.33–2.79)
–4.40 5.32 2.73 ± 0.64
(2.50–2.96)
–4.45 5.08 0.312
Week 4 2.60 ± 0.67
(2.35–2.85)
–4.36 5.15 3.50 ± 1.00
(3.13–3.87)
–3.68 3.57 < 0.001
Week 8 3.10 ± 0.78
(2.99–3.21)
–3.86 4.33 4.80 ± 1.03
(4.42–5.18)
–2.38 2.27 < 0.001

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

Cohen’s d effect size: small effect (< 0.2), moderate effect (0.2–0.8), large effect (> 0.8).

NRS: numerical rating scale, CI: confidence interval, IAI: intra-articular injection, PENG: pericapsular nerve group.

P < 0.05 is considered statistically significant.

Korean J Pain 2023;36:195~207 https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.22325
© Korean J Pain