Secondary outcomes
| Outcome | Studies (n) | RR or mean difference (95% CI) | I2 | heterogeneity |
GRADE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cumulative intraoperative intravenous morphine equivalent consumption (mg) | 7 [13, 17, 19-22, 24] | –9.63 (–15.4 to –3.86) | 0.001 | 93% | < 0.00001 | Moderate |
| Time to first rescue analgesic (hr) | 5 [14-17, 20] | 6.15 (2.19 to 10.12) | 0.002 | 100% | < 0.00001 | High |
| Number of patients requiring rescue analgesia | 7 [13-17, 19, 23] | 0.39 (0.19 to 0.80) | 0.01 | 90% | < 0.00001 | High |
| Urinary retention | 2 [22, 24] | 0.50 (0.10 to 2.60) | 0.41 | 0% | 1.00 | Low |
| PONV | 9 [13, 14, 16-19, 22-24] | 0.54 (0.36 to 0.83) | 0.005 | 40% | 0.10 | High |
| Itching | 5 [13, 14, 18, 22, 24] | 0.58 (0.25 to 1.35) | 0.21 | 31% | 0.22 | Moderate |
| Length of hospital stay (day) | 5 [17-20, 22] | –1.04 (–2.23 to 0.15) | 0.09 | 99% | < 0.00001 | Low |
| Frist time of ambulation (day) | 3 [19, 20, 22] | –0.93 (–1.97 to 0.07) | 0.07 | 98% | < 0.00001 | Low |
PONV: post operative nausea and vomiting, RR: risk ratio, CI: confidence interval, GRADE: Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation.