Basic characteristics of the included studies
| Reference | Year | Country | Journal | Design | Primary anesthesia |
Intervention | Analgesic techniques | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peripheral nerve block | Epidural analgesia | Peripheral nerve block | Epidural analgesia | |||||||
| Adams et al. [24] | 2002 | Germany | European Journal of Anaesthesiology | RCT | GA | Continuous femoral | Continuous epidural analgesia | Single-shot femoral block: postop bolus bupivacaine 0.375% of 40 mL | Bupivacaine 0.375% bolus postop | |
| Barrington et al. [32] | 2005 | Australia | Anesthesia and Analgesia | RCT | Spinal | Continuous lumbar plexus infusion | Continuous epidural analgesia | Femoral catheter: preop bolus bupivacaine 0.25% with adrenaline 25 mL + infusion bupivacaine 0.2% with PCA bolus postop | Ropivacaine 0.2% with fentanyl infusion postop | |
| Campbell et al. [25] | 2008 | UK | European Journal of Anaesthesiology | RCT | Spinal | Continuous femoral block | Continuous epidural infusion | Infusion a mixture of levobupivacaine 0.125% and clonidine + 10 mL 0.5% levobupivacaine | 4 mL of 0.5% levobupivacaine + 4 mL 0.25% levobupivacaine | |
| Capdevila et al. [26] | 1999 | France | Anaesthesiology | RCT | GA | Single-shot combined sciatic plus femoral (3-in-1) block | Continuous lumbar epidural analgesia | Femoral catheter: postop bolus 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 25 mL and morphine 2 mg + infusion 1% lidocaine with clonidine and morphine | Lidocaine 2% with epinephrine and morphine 2 mg to block level T10 bolus postop + infusion 1% lidocaine with clonidine and morphine | |
| Davies et al. [33] | 2004 | UK | British Journal of Anaesthesiology | RCT | GA | Continuous femoral nerve block | Continuous epidural analgesia | Single-shot femoral and sciatic blocks: preop bolus bupivacaine 0.375% 30 mL (femoral) + 25 mL (sciatic) limited to 3 mg kg-1 | Bupivacaine 0.5% bolus preop + infusion bupivacaine 0.25% postop | |
| Sakai et al. [13] | 2013 | Japan | The Journal of Arthroplasty | RCT | GA | Continuous femoral | Continuous epidural analgesia | 60-mg dose of 0.3% ropivacaine (tibial) + 60-mg dose of 0.3% ropivacaine (femoral) | 1% lidocaine 50 mg + 90-mg doses of 0.3% ropivacaine | |
| Shanthanna et al. [30] | 2012 | Canada | Indian Journal of Anaesthesia | RCT | GA and spinal | Continuous femoral | Continuous epidural analgesia | Femoral catheters: 12 mL bolus of 0.125% bupivacaine mixed with 2 mcg/mL fentanyl + 0.125% bupivacaine with fentanyl postop | 25 mcg fentanyl + 12 mL bolus of 0.125% bupivacaine mixed with 2 mcg/mL fentanyl + 0.125% bupivacaine with fentanyl postop | |
| Singelyn et al. [2] | 1998 | Belgium | Anesthesia and Analgesia | RCT | GA | Continuous femoral and sciatic nerve blocks | Continuous epidural infusion | 37 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine with epinephrine + continuous infusion of 0.125% bupivacaine with sufentanil 0.1 µg/mL and clonidine 1 µg/mL postop | 3 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine with epinephrine + 10 µg of sufentanil bolus preop + infusion bupivacaine 0.125% with sufentanil and clonidine postop | |
| Zaric et al. [31] | 2006 | Denmark | Anesthesia and Analgesia | RCT | GA | Femoral | Epidural catheter analgesia | Femoral and sciatic catheters: preop bolus ropivacaine 0.75% 30 mL each catheter + infusion ropivacaine 0.2% with sufentanil (femoral) and ropivacaine 0.05% (sciatic) postop | Ropivacaine 0.75% boluses to block level T10 preop + infusion ropivacaine 0.25% with sufentanil postop | |
| Chelly et al. [35] | 2001 | USA | The Journal of Arthroplasty | RCT | GA | Lumbar plexus + sciatic blocks | Epidural anesthesia | 15 mL of 0.75% ropivacaine + 15 mL of 1.5% mepivacaine + 0.2% ropivacaine postop | Epidural catheter: 20 mL of a mixture containing 2% lidocaine and 0.5% bupivacaine | |
| Horasanli et al. [28] | 2010 | Turkey | Clinics | RCT | GA | Continuous femoral infusion | Epidural analgesia | 3 mL of 2% lidocaine + 30 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine + 20 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine | 2 mL of 2% lidocaine + 3 mL of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine + 15 mL of 0.75% epidural ropivacaine | |
| Kim et al. [29] | 2012 | Korea | Korean Journal of Anesthesiology | RCT | Spinal | Femoral/sciatic nerve block | Combined spinal epidural nerve block | 20 mL of 1.5% mepivacaine + 5 mL of 1.5% mepivacaine + 20 mL of 1.5% mepivacaine | 1.3 mL of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine + 10 mL of 0.75% ropivacaine + fentanyl, ketorolac, ramosetron postop | |
| Raimer et al. [34] | 2007 | Germany | Acta Orthopaedica | RCT | Spinal | Continuous psoas compartment and sciatic analgesia | Epidural analgesia | 25 mL of 0.75% ropivacaine + 25 mL 1% prilocaine (sciatic block) | 0.5% bupivacaine | |
| Al-Zahrani et al. [36] | 2015 | Saudi Arabia | The Journal of Arthroplasty | RCT | GA | Continuous femoral nerve block with single shot sciatic nerve block | Continuous epidural infusion | Femoral nerve catheter: preop 15 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine; 10 mL 0.25% bupivacaine + 0.2% bupivacaine | Epidural catheter: preop 10 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine + 50 mcg fentanyl; 0.0625% bupivacaine + fentanyl | |
| Fedriani de Matos et al. [27] | 2017 | Spain | Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim | RCT | Spinal | Continuous femoral | Continuous epidural block | 15 mL of levobupivacaine 0.25% + levobupivacaine 0.125% postop | 3 mL bupivacaine 0.25% with adrenalin + levobupivacaine 0.125% postop | |
| Kayupov et al. [37] | 2018 | USA | The Journal of Arthroplasty | RCT | GA and spinal | Continuous adductor canal blocks | Epidural analgesia | Spinal + CACB: 3 mL 1.5% + lidocaine with epinephrine, 0.2% ropivacaine postop; | Epidural catheter: 0.1% bupivacaine postop | |
| General + CACB: 30 mL 0.5% ropivacaine with epinephrine, ropivacaine postop | ||||||||||
RCT: randomized controlled trial, GA: general anesthesia, PCA: patient-controlled analgesia.