RA: Randomized, AC: Active Control, F: Fluoroscopy, NRS: Numeric Rating Scale, ODI: Oswestry Disability Index, LA: Local Anesthetic, GFS: General Function Score, ALIF: Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion, PLIF: Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion, TENS: Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation, Short-Form Health Survey: SF-36.